Autism and Mental Retardation Essay Example for Free

Autism and Mental Retardation Essay Respond to the following: 1. List the primary features of autism. Children with autism are unresponsive to others, uncommunicative, repetitive, and rigid their symptoms usually appear before the age of three. An autistic individual will have difficulty sustaining employment, accomplishing household responsibilities, and leading independent lives. Furthermore, they express having problems displaying closeness and empathy and have limited interests and activities. The characteristics seem to be pronounced as indifferent in physical care and affectionate expressive interest in those who are taking care of them. Verbal communication and language impairments and inability to use speech are often primary features of autism. Some autistic individuals may exhibit Echolalia a echoing of phrases used without apparent understanding. Some may even repeat sentences a week later, this is called delayed echolalia. Their variation of speech difficulties include; paranormal reversal, difficulty in naming objects, lack of verbal understanding and use of suitable tone in their voice while talking. Some noticeable characteristics that often expose autism are their lack of imagination while playing, rigid, abnormal and repetitive behaviors, failure to accept environmental change and obsession with animate things and inanimate things. They express repetitive and unusual motor movements like flapping their hands, and odd facial expressions. Below is a checklist the DSM has provided for a guideline to diagnosis of autism. 1. A total of at least six items from the following groups of symptoms: A. Impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following: (a) Marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction. (b) Failure to develop peer relationships appropriately. (c) Lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people. (d) Lack of social or emotional reciprocity. B. Impairment in communication, as manifested by at least one of the  following: (a) Delay in or total lack of, the development of spoken language. (b) In individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to start or sustain a conversation with others. (c) Stereotyped and repetitive use of language, or idiosyncratic language. (d) Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play. C. Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following: (a) Abnormal preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest. (b) Inflexible adherence to specific nonfunctional routines or rituals. (c) Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting). (d) Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects. 2. Prior to 3 years of age, delay or abnormal functioning in either social interaction, language, or symbolic or imaginative play. 2. Which explanation for autism is no longer considered valid and lacks research support? The sociocultural model lacks support and the theory suggests that autism could progress through particular personality characteristics of the parents. These characteristics generated unfavorable development and contributed to the development of the disorder. This theory is no longer considered. 3. What forms of treatment are helpful for a person with autism? The treatment that is helpful for a person with autism is behavioral therapy, communication training, parent training, and community integration. Psychotropic drugs and certain vitamins have at times aided when joined with other approaches. Behavioral therapies consist of therapist using modeling and operant conditioning. In modeling they exhibit a chosen behavior and direct the individual to reproduce it. In operant conditioning, they reinforce such behaviors, first by shaping them, breaking them down so they can be learned step by step and then rewarding each step visibly and consistently. These measures often create more purposeful behaviors and long term achievements. Communication Training is a therapy that is often taught to those individuals who remain speechless. They are taught other forms of communication, including sign language and simultaneous communication, a method combining sign language and speech. They also learn  to use augmentative communication systems, such as communication boards or computers that use pictures, symbols, or written words to represent objects or needs. In some programs teachers try to recognize essential underlined forcers rather than insignificant ones like food or candy. They encourage participation in choosing an item they want and then encouraging them to ask for it with questions like; what’s that? Where is it? And whose is it? The studies have found that child- directed interventions increase self-initiated communications, language development, and social participation. Parenting training programs train parents so they can apply behavioral techniques at home. They are provided with instruction manuals, and teachers do home visits. Individual therapy and support groups help parents of autistic children deal with their own emotions and needs. Community integration is a great tool for autistic individuals, In today’s school and home based programs there are programs for autism children to teach self-help, self-management, and living, social, and work skills as early as possible to help children function better in their communities. There have been many workshops and group homes available now for teenagers and young adults with autism to help them become a part of their communities. These types of programs give parents a since of relief as their child will always need supervision. 4. List the criteria for a diagnosis of mental retardation: The DSM-IV-TR gives guidelines to the diagnosis of mental retardation. Individuals need to display general intellectual functioning that is well below average, in combination with poor adaptive behavior. As well as having a low IQ score of 70 or below. There should be notable difficulty in communication, home living, self-direction, work or safety. These symptoms should appear before the age of 18. 5. Explain one way in which sociocultural biases in testing might pose problems for assessing mental retardation. Sociocultural biased in testing that might pose a problem for assessing mental retardation is IQ testing. IQ testing in some children has caused them to be labeled retarded when they had trouble speaking the language at a level that would establish their IQ. 6. Of the four levels of mental retardation, into which category do most  people with mental retardation fall? Mild level – IQ ranges from 50 – 70. â€Å"They are sometimes called â€Å"educably retarded† because they can benefit from schooling and can support themselves as adults† (Cromer, 2011). 7. What are the main types of biological causes of mental retardation? The main types of biological causes of mental retardation are Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, and fragile X syndrome. 8. What is the only way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome? The only way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome is to not drink during pregnancy. 9. What are normalization and mainstreaming? Normalization and mainstreaming are educational terms; they reference the settlement of mentally retarded individuals within ordered classrooms. This is to make sure these individuals can intermingle and learn along with typical fellow students. The school systems have made adjustments and adaptations to their core curriculum and the teaching given to the mentally retarded child. 10. What is your opinion about mainstreaming and normalization for children and adults with autism or mental retardation? I agree with mainstreaming for a person who is suffering from autism or mental retardation. Autism runs in my family, and I have a cousin who is the same as age as I am and she did not receive mainstreaming when she was younger and she is severely handicapped I believe because of this. On the other hand, our classrooms are overcrowded and teachers are experiencing challenges within the so called â€Å"normal† population. Labeling these individuals at such an early age incorporates stereotyping within the classroom and can cause even more hardship for those individuals. My ex-husband’s brother had an autistic child who is thriving and even attending college classes at a University. He did have special schooling and went to private therapies. His success was through behavioral therapy and parenting training. I would say mainstreaming should be considered on the level of the disorder. If the disorder is extreme, then consideration should be given to the teacher and her other thirty something students. It is a hard question when in fact someone could be mildly retarded or highly retarded and the school system really needs to know just where the individual stands with their language ability and social ability. Resource: Comer, R. J. (2011). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (6th ed.). New York, NY.

Edgar Allan Poes Writing Essay -- The Raven, The Black Cat, Tell-Tale

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The literary style of Edgar Allan Poe is very dark and has many supernatural connotations. He showed this style in the stories that he wrote such as: The Raven, The Black Cat, and The Tell-Tale Heart. He also wrote many other stories that showed his dark style of writing; however I felt that these stories portrayed his style the best. Many sources think that the reason Poe had such a dark literary style was because of the events that occurred in his life. Some of these events included his father dying, and soon after that his mother died. Many more loved ones' deaths preceded. This put Poe into a state of mind that made him very depressed and some believe that this is where he got his inspiration for his writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Raven, Poe starts off the story with ?Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary.?(Complete 7) This shows how he sets up the setting for the story. This sentence makes you think of a dark lonely night. This is a good example of how Poe?s literary style is dark. Poe also wrote ?Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, and each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;---vainly I had sought to borrow from books surcease of sorrow---sorrow for the lost Lenore---for the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore---nameless here for evermore? (Complete 7). This is a dark poem of lost love. Whether he was referring to his mother, father or perhaps another loved one is unknown. In the fourth stanza Poe speaks of ?Darkness there, and nothing more?(Complete 8) which allows us to see how alone he must have felt. Later in the story he refers to a bird that is sitti ng above his chamber door. He talks to the bird and gets frustrated with it because all it will ever say to him is ?Nevermore.? You can tell that the narrator is dying to have some kind of social interaction with someone or something but not even the bird will give it to him. He tries to get the bird to leave him alone, but all that the bird does is sit there and continue to say ?Nevermore? (Complete 10). This frustrates him and he says ?Leave my loneliness unbroken! ---quit the bust above the door! Take thy beak out of my heart, and take thy form from off my door! Quoth the Raven, Nevermore.?(Complete 13) He wants to feel sorry for himself and he is sick of the bird repeating to him ?Neve... ...ting style was very dark and sad. In many of his stories there is the death of a loved one or a friend. These stories reflected the real events that happened in Poe?s life. Throughout The Raven, The Black Cat, and A Tell-Tale Heart you can see Poe?s dark style, supernatural influences, and all of the sad thoughts that were running through his mind. Works Cited Edgar?s Childhood. http://www.poedecoder.com/qrisse/allans.html. 3 April 2004 Edgar?s Teens. http://www.poedecoder.com/qrisse/teens.html. 3 April 2004 Hart, Richard. ?The Supernatural in Edgar Allan Poe? E.A. Poe Society of Baltimore. http://www.eapoe.org/papers/psblctrs/p119361.htm. 11 April 2004. Poe, Edgar A. ?The Black Cat.? Litterature: Reading poetry, fiction, and drama. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2002. 131-137. Poe, Edgar A. ?The Raven.? The Complete Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. Ed. J.H. Whitty. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. Boston, Mass. New York, N.Y. 1911 Poe, Edgar A. ?The Tell-Tale Heart?. http://www.pambytes.com/poe/stories/heart.html. 12 April 2004. Weston, Debbie. ?The Jingle Man: Edgar Allan Poe.? Monkeyshines on America December 2003. Virginia Issue. Part 1. p25. 2p.

Critical Success Factors and Marketing Mix Essay

Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to provide an insight into the footwear company TOMS’ critical success factors (CSF’s) and make recommendations for the company based on them. CSF’s have become essential elements to strategic planning and no business can achieve consistent success without effectively adopting them, it is a term that describes a component that is essential for a company to succeed in its tasks. (Howell, M. 2009) The report will identify, analyse and evaluate TOMS’ critical success factors (CSF’s) on the basis of the market and marketing mix that surrounds the company. The marketing mix is defined as a set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that can be blended to produce the desired results within the target market.  (Kotler, P. Et al, 2010). The report will then provide potential links between the factors of the marketing mix and the CSF’s of TOMS, suggesting potential changes to the marketing mix and what the effects of the changes may be. Research Methods The research methods undertaken in the report are secondary. The CSF’s of TOMS I have presented come as a result of previous research carried out within a group project based on the company, in which we analysed the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors of TOMS, allowing us to present a list of critical success factors. Basic findings and Recommendations The three key Critical Success Factors for TOMS I have chosen to look into are firstly for the company to expand into wider markets. Secondly is for TOMS to focus on their business ethics and their ethical procedures. The final CSF is the marketing and advertisement of TOMS. The recommendations are mainly based upon making changes to the factors of TOMS’ marketing mix that link to its CSF’s. Some of the factors, such as product, place, promotion and positioning can be changed slightly to aid in TOMS’ CSF’s and result in great benefits for the company. However I recommend that some of the factors of the marketing mix are not as vital for TOMS success as the others and therefore do not need to be changed as much. TOMS (2013) About TOMS TOMS originated from the word ‘Tomorrow, which further originated from the ‘Shoes for Tomorrow’ Project. The company was founded in 2006 by Blake Mycoskie, who formed an idea whilst on vacation doing voluntary work. Mycoskie had noticed how many children in Argentina were without shoes, provoking him to sell his company for $500,000 and invest in TOMS. The company went on to sell 10,000 pairs of shoes in its first 6 months. By 2012 over 2million pairs of shoes had been donated in over 40 countries, with over 500 retailers selling them. (TOMS 2012) Business Model TOMS is a for profit company, however they have a non-profit subsidiary, Friends of TOMS. The company designs and sells shoes based on the Argentine Alpargata design, as well as eyewear. The shoes are made from canvas or cotton fabric with a rubber sole and come in a variety of colours and styles. The business model is referred to as the ‘One for One concept’. The slogan used by TOMS is ‘One for One’. The model uses a word for mouth advocacy and the main focus for the business is based on corporate and social responsibilities. When TOMS sells a pair of shoes, a pair of shoes is given to an impoverished child. When TOMS sells eyewear, part of the profit is used to save or restore the eyesight for people in developing countries. TOMS also works with a large variety of charities and None Government Organisations in order to distribute its shoes and create awareness for the cause. (TOMS 2012) ‘Countries we distribute to’ – TOMS Giving Report (2012) The Critical Success Factors The first CSF for TOMS to succeed is for them to expand. TOMS currently only sell through other retailers and online stores, meaning that they have a lack of physical presence on the high street. If TOMS acquired a chain of physical stores it would allow them to provide their whole range of stock to an increased potential customer base. It would also allow them to market and advertise themselves more successfully, making their brand known to more people. TOMS already has just over 500 retailers for their products worldwide, however I think that they could benefit from having more, especially as there are only a handful in the UK. They may be able to increase their presence in more countries worldwide. TOMS could also expand their product range and move into new areas of clothing or accessories. The second factor surrounds the ethics of their business. Although TOMS is focused heavily on being a socially and corporately responsible company,  research showed that it has come under a vast amount of scrutiny regarding its policies and ethical procedures. There is a growing opposition to the TOMS business model and the way TOMS operates. The one for one system is being scrutinised and the way in which TOMS shoes are produced are being questioned. TOMS need to clearly establish how they manufacture their shoes and illustrate the benefits of the one for one system, helping impoverished people. The final CSF is to increase their marketing. This is based around the marketing of TOM’s products and the business itself. Whilst the company is known worldwide, it only advertises its products through fashion shows, word of mouth marketing and pop-up-stores. If TOMS were to change its marketing techniques such as advertising through social and other forms of media, they could pose more of a threat to competition and reach a much wider audience. My research illustrated that TOMS do not currently have many marketing methods other than those mentioned above, resulting in TOMS being frequently overshadowed by rival companies. Blake Mycoskie, TOMS (2011) How does the marketing mix link with the CSF’s? The factors of the marketing mix that link to the first CSF are Placement and Product. Placement is where and how the product is sold. For example, it could be where TOMS products can be bought and how they may be bought, such as online, in a physical store or at trade shows. It would aid TOMS expansion if they were to use a combination of placement methods for their company and products. I recommend that they implement more distribution channels and ensure that they offer a wider variety of ways for consumers to buy their products. The next factor, product, can relate to the CSF in that TOMS need to expand their product range, offering a wider range of products. This may allow them to gain market superiority over it’s rivals and lead the company into new markets. I recommend that TOMS evaluate their products’ life cycles and look into potential new product development in order to fulfil this CSF. The second factor that relates to TOMS’ CSF’s is positioning. Positioning is about how the company stands within their market, such as how the customers and rivals see the company. This factor links in with TOMS’ CSF of being an ethically and socially responsible company. Research suggested that TOMS has large amount of people opposing its ethical procedures and its business model. If they were to re-evaluate their market position and try to boost their current image by re-assuring customers that the one for one model is in fact beneficial to impoverished people, as well as providing evidence that their shoes are made ethically, they will silence their critics. TOMS may also want to adapt to its competitors marketed position, focusing on their USP’s and making the most of them. The final marketing mix factor that can link with the CSF’s of TOMS is promotion. This consists of all the ways in which TOMS products and services are advertised and sold. My research suggested that TOMS currently has a relatively poor promotion structure, therefore if they were able to change the way that they promote and advertise themselves, they could abolish the problem. Making use of promotional tools such as advertisement, public relations, direct marketing and sponsorship, TOMS could reconstruct their promotional factor of the marketing mix to further allow them to succeed. There are however three factors of the marketing mix that don’t tend to link with the CSF’s. The first factor is price. Although research suggests that some may think that TOMS’ products are overpriced for what they are, they still succeed in selling a very large amount. TOMS has appeared to do well with its current price structure, therefore I do not think that the price factor needs to be changed in order to aid the CSF’s. The next factor is packaging. Packaging for TOMS seems to be a minor issue, if an issue at all. The packaging for TOMS’ products is more than satisfactory and has little to no effect on their current CSF’s. As a result of this, packaging is not as important in the marketing mix for TOMS as the other factors. The final factor that has less effect on the CSF’s is people. TOMS only has around 80 employees, however if the company were to expand this would be much more. Currently, the people factor doesn’t aid in helping TOMS achieve success as much as the other factors, however if the CSF’s develop and TOMS expands, people may become more and more important for the company. It would be essential that they have the right people on board to help them achieve their goals in the long run. TOMS Giving Report (2012) REFERENCES Howell, M.T. (2009) Critical Success Factors: The measurable path to success. Taylor and Francis. Accessed 19th April 2013 TOMS (No Date) Corporate Responsibility at TOMS [Online] Available from: http://www.toms.com/corporate-responsibility/ Accessed 20th April 2013 TOMS (No Date) Official Website, Available from: http://www.toms.co.uk/ Accessed 28th February 2013 TOMS (No Date) Corporate Information [Online] Available from: http://www.toms.com/corp-info/ Accessed 20th April 2013 Kotler, P.J., Armstrong, G.M., (2010). The Principles of Marketing, P 76 Pearson education Accessed 22nd April 2013 Schultz, D. and Dev, C. (2012) ‘Revisiting the marketing mix’. Marketing Management P45-47 Accessed 22nd April 2013

Aging Dependent Changes During Aging - 864 Words

show several aging-dependent changes such as changes in anatomy and function in identified neurons [8], behavioral changes [9,10], expression of mRNAs [11], and neurotransmitter regulation [12]. (2) A simple and well-studied nervous system and behavioral repertoire to facilitate the study of neurological and behavioral correlates of aging at the level of single neurons and circuits. (3) Two learning assays (Sensitization and Habituation of the GWR) proposed in this study are well studied and show age dependent decline [9]. (4) Importantly, neural circuitry underlying GWR has been identified [5]. Neurons of Aplysia GWR offer several advantages. In contrast to Drosophila, C. elegans or mammalian neurons, those of Aplysia are gigantic, allowing relatively easy study of cell-specific changes during aging. Importantly the presynaptic sensory (LESN) and postsynaptic motor (L7MN) neurons of the GWR circuitry can be easily identified (Fig 1) and manipulated. Sensitization of GWR result in growth of new synaptic connections, whereas habituation induces retraction of synapses. Thus, the experimental system allows for precise measurements of electrophysiological, morphological and molecular changes to address the specific aims of this proposal. (5) As described in the â€Å"Significance† section it is important to recognize that many concepts that are central to our overall understanding of the LTM were established using Aplysia [5, 13-17;18-23]. Therefore it is expected thatShow MoreRelatedA Study Of Neurological And Behavioral Disorders859 Words   |  4 Pagessubsequent senescence that are physiologically distinct. As in mammals, Aplysia show several aging-dependent changes such as changes in anatomy and function in identified neurons [8], behavioral changes [9,10], expression of mRNAs [11], and neurotransmitter regulation [12]. (2) A simple and well-studied nervous system and behavioral repertoire to facilitate the study of neurological and behavioral correl ates of aging at the level of single neurons and circuits. (3) Two learning assays (Sensitization andRead MoreProtocols For Training For The Different Learning Paradigms837 Words   |  4 Pages Protocols for training for the different learning paradigms are shown in Fig 1. We anticipate that we will observe aging-dependent decrease in the ability to learn as reported in vertebrates. In order to understand synaptic aging, the above behavioral experiments will be coupled with electrophysiological measurements of L7MN–LESN connections. Briefly, in the above preparation, abdominal ganglion is partially desheathed to gain access to measure electrophysiological properties using sharp electrodesRead MoreProtocols For Training For The Different Learning Paradigms825 Words   |  4 Pagesrecorded with a transducer connected to efferent vein of the gill with a silk suture. Protocols for training for the different learning paradigms are shown in Fig 1. We anticipate that we will obse rve aging-dependent decrease in the ability to learn as reported in vertebrates. In order to understand synaptic aging, the above behavioral experiments will be coupled with electrophysiological measurements of L7MN–LESN connections. Briefly, in the above preparation, abdominal ganglion is partially desheathedRead MoreHuman Aging And Cognition And Memory Storage869 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of aging [1,2,3,4], the physiological and molecular correlates of aging-dependent alterations in specific neurons that underlie learning and memory storage are poorly understood. Such information is essential to delineate molecular underpinnings of aging-related changes to develop novel strategies for therapeutic intervention of the aging-associated specific deficits in learning and memory storage. Our proposed studies are highly significant to the studies on human aging and cognitionRead MoreHistory Of Sarcopenia ( Sarx ) Was First Used For Muscle And Penia For Loss1031 Words   |  5 Pagesweight linked to aging with An adverse outcomes such as disability and poor quality of life (Palmio et al. Delmonico) This complex process is caused by a combination of both Physiological and pathological mechanism which lead to degradation of skeletal Muscle as patients become older . Skeletal muscle make up 50% of total body protein, a compelling loss of skeletal muscle mass deteriorates metabolism, immunocompetence and strength. (Muller et al.) Muscle mass is age dependent, after the ageRead MoreThe Effects Of Enhanced Personal Responsibility And Choice1526 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutional staff’s responsibility for the comparison group. Additionally, the respective communications were effectively repeated by the administrator for each group three days later. Dependent Variables Two questionnaires designed to assess the effect of induced-responsibility and choice to rate the change in the residents’ behavior were administered by the research assistant who was unaware of the experimental design one week prior to and at the end of three weeks. Questionnaire 1Read MoreA Research Study On Successful Aging919 Words   |  4 PagesSuccessful aging is a complicated and multifaceted concept that varies contextually among individuals, disciplines, and even time. Gerontologists have traditionally considered a person to have aged successfully upon having reached old age with their physical health, mental well-being and spirit still intact. Ultimately, successful aging is a matter of personal perspective, largely influenced by an individual s values and experiences. Even those within America s elderly population hold conflictingRead MoreFactors That Affect The Growth Of Cells And Their Cellular Function889 Words   |  4 PagesSignificance Age is a universal time-dependent deterioration factor that affects all organisms and their cellular functions, thus, determining their lifespan. Actin organization and function declines with age in many cells, tissues and organs. For example, age-associated declines in myosin and actomyosin ATPase activities, changes in myosin structural state, and oxidative damage to actomyosin occur and may contribute to sarcopenia [1]. Similarly, the age-associated deficit in the motility of fibroblastsRead MoreEssay On Aging1000 Words   |  4 PagesYoung blood reverses cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in aging Aging causes structural and functional changes in brain. As aging population has become a burden, it is essential to study aging brain aiming to maintain cognitive integrity. Previous studies indicated that young blood improves the function of stem cells in organs including brain by heterochronic parabiosis model. However, data is lacking whether regeneration or beyond occurs by this model. The authors Villeda et al., hypothesizedRead MoreLate Adulthood and Death Paper1460 Words   |  6 Pagesconsists of. This paper will give a brief overview of ageism and stereotypes associate with late adulthood. This will explain how health and wellness techniques in the late adulthood stages can mitigate the negative effects of aging. As people age the social views and experiences changes in relationships and interactions with individuals, as he or she nears end of life. When closely approaching the end of life, a person has cultural and personal attitudes about death and dignity in late adulth ood. Ageism

Statistics on Tweens and Dating Violence

While many adults have become aware of the prevalence of teen dating abuse and violence, few realize that preteen girls (and boys) are also victims -- and that the earlier they become sexually active, the more likely tweens will experience abuse and violence throughout their teen and young adult years. According to the July 2008 Tween and Teen Dating Violence and Abuse Study commissioned by Liz Claiborne Inc. and loveisespect.org, The National Teen Dating Abuse Helpline, tweens involved in relationships with the opposite sex experience significant rates of dating abuse and violence. For the purposes of this study, the following groups were defined as follows:Tweens - adolescents age 11-14Teens - adolecents age 15-18Parents - adults with a child age 11-14 The survey revealed the following about tween dating violence and abuse: Tweens who have been in a relationship report peer pressure and emotional and physical abuse. 62% know friends and peers whove been verbally abused by a boyfriend/girlfriend.36% know friends and peers whove been pressured by their relationship partner to do something they didnt want to do.20% of 13 and 14-year olds in relationships know friends and peers whove been physically abused (kicked, hit, slapped or punched) by a boyfriend/girlfriend. Tweens identify abuse as a serious problem but dont know what to do about it. 24% say dating abuse and violence is a serious problem among their age group, and 37% say verbal abuse is a problem.Only 51% of tweens say they know the warning signs of a bad tween dating relationship, and 54% say they would know what to do if a friend asked for help. Tweens who engage in sexual activity are more likely to experience teen dating violence and abuse. 69% know say theyve experienced one or more types of abuse in a relationship61% have been called names or put down verbally.34% were physically abused .36% were pressured to have oral sex when they didnt want to .34% were pressured into having sexual intercourse when they didnt want to . In marked contrast, teens who delay sexual activity experience significantly less teen dating violence and abuse. 36% have been called names or put down verbally.9% were physically abused .15% were pressured to have oral sex when they didnt want to .15% were pressured into having sexual intercourse when they didnt want to . Teens and tweens in relationships are most likely to discuss their experiences with friends and parents. 67% of tweens in relationships discuss their experiences with friends.67% of tweens in relationships discuss their experiences with their mom.78% of teens discuss their dating relationships with friends .48% of teens discuss their dating relationships with their mom . Parents who delay talking to their tweens about relationships may find themselves out of the loop later on. 70% of parents who havent talked to their tween say its because their child is too young.67% of parents say they know a lot or everything about their tweens dating relationship, but only 51% of tweens agree.20% of tweens say their parents know little or nothing about their dating relationships, although only 8% of parents admit that .38% of parents say their tween has been in a relationship, whereas 47% of tweens say that about themselves .Only 8% of parents say that their child has hooked up with a partner, versus 17% of tweens who say theyve hooked up. For parents, educators, and other adults concerned by these findings, two factors clearly have impact on the incidence of tween and teen dating abuse: Delaying the age at which a teenager first has sex greatly reduces the chances she/he will be involved in abuse.Talking to a child very early on about dating, relationships, and sexual behavior -- even before it seems necessary -- is essential to maintaining open communications between parent and child and may reduce the incidence of abuse. The Tween and Teen Dating Violence and Abuse Study was conducted January 2-18, 2008 by TRU (Teenage Research Unlimited) and the surveys findings were released July 8, 2008.

Conflicts Between Science and Religion - 1662 Words

Introduction - In science, evolution is one of the basic templates for understanding the biology of an organism or ecological unit. Essentially, it is the change in inherited traits of a population through a process called natural selection in which only the strongest traits are appropriately adapted to the environment in question. Those traits from parents who are healthier and live longer are then passed down to future generations where the traits are amplified if the organism thrives. Evolution, then, is the product of two opposing forces: variation in traits and mutation (Pickrell). Ironically, both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace almost concurrently developed this theory in the early to mid-19th century. Even though Darwin could not explain all the scientific details of the process, but to beat Wallace to publication, release On the Origin of Species in 1858. This literally polarized the world within a few months after its release, many seeking to utilize the basic pre mise in a number of academic disciplines (The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online). The terms scientific creationism or intelligent design theory are relatively recent explanations of an older ideology. As soon as Origin of Species was published it became a clear focus for attacks from the religious world who asserted that the Bible was a literal document. The apex of this movement came in the early part of the 20th century where a number of U.S. States, mostly Southern Bible Belt states,Show MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between Religion And Science951 Words   |  4 PagesIs there a conflict between religion and science, or are both items compatible? This question is addressed in the debate that is written about in the book Science and Religion, Are they Compatible, by Daniel C. Dennett and Alvin Plantinga. Alvin Plantinga thoroughly debates the topic by covering the compatibility of Christianity and science. He continues his argument by stating the issue of naturalist and science harbor the conflict not the theism. Plantinga goes into detail how some scientific theori esRead MoreThe Conflict Between Religion And Science2659 Words   |  11 PagesMichael Boranian Religion and Science Dr. Geraci John William Draper, in the History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science, states, â€Å"The history of Science is not a mere record of isolated discoveries; it is a narrative of the conflict of two contending powers, the expansive force of the human intellect on one side, and the compression arising from traditionary faith and human interests on the other.† John William Draper brings up a strong truth behind the progression of science. Human faithRead More Resolving Conflict between Science and Religion: Reform Judaism and Scientific Thought3160 Words   |  13 PagesResolving Conflict between Science and Religion: Reform Judaism and Scientific Thought    The relationship between science and religion is not easy to navigate. On the most basic level, they are viewed as different types of thought. Religion, it seems, deals with the subjective, spiritual realm. Science, on the other hand, seems to deal with facts. It may then appear easy to separate the two realms of thought, and philosophers, theologians and scientists have from time to time attempted to doRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religion And Science907 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between religion and science is indubitably debated. Barbour describes four ways of viewing this relationship (conflict, independence, dialogue--religion explains what science cannot, and integration--religion and science overlap). Gould presents a case in which religion and science are non-overlapping magisteria (NOMA), that the two entities teach different things and therefore do not conflict. The subject of this essay is Worrall, who says that religion and science does conflict, and thatRea d MoreThrough The Development Of Human History, Humans Gradually988 Words   |  4 Pageshuman history, humans gradually realize that Politics, Science, and Religion are three independent and equally competitive authorities. Also, the conflict between science and religion and that between politics and religion are much more severe than the conflict between science and politics. 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Science has broken down objects into structured molecules, found theRead MoreScience and Religion Essays808 Words   |  4 PagesScience and religion have always been in conflict with one another because they each represent complete opposite ideals, science is about how nature controls how the universe works and religion is about how God controls how the universe works. In the five models on science and religion I believe that Conflict best describes the relationship between the two. Conflict tells how either science is completely right and religion is wrong or the other way around a nd that religion and science are completelyRead MoreThe Relationship between Science and Religion755 Words   |  4 Pages　　The Relationship between Science and Religion 　　The relationship between science and religion will be analyzed in the following three aspects: conflict, compartmentalization and complementariness. 　　Conflict 　　An essential question on our own existence is bound to evoke our curiosity: where did we come from? Charles Darwin, in his theory of evolution, believed that human being was evolved from apes. However, the Genesis in Bible considered that human was created by God. Undoubtedly, it is impossibleRead MoreReligious Groups Responses On Science Groups1511 Words   |  7 PagesAdegbonmire Leh 355-A03W Prof Telliel 5/26/16 Religion Vs Science Research Topic: Religious groups responses on science group theories on how the world was formed in the modern era. In this essay, we are going to focus on religious group responses to science group theories on how the world was formed in the modern era. We see there has always being a conflict between religion and science groups, because they both believe in different ways on how the world was formedRead MoreRocks of Ages by Stephen Jay Gould1499 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Rocks of Ages† is Stephen Jay Gould’s commentary on the conflict between secular scientists and religious believers who reject scientific theory when in it is disagreement with religious teachings about nature and origin of the natural world. Certain aspects of his argument hold true, but the application is impossible and still gives one magisteria a dominance over the other. While it is an accurate account of historical disagreements and critical views of well-known people, his argument is flawed

Trends and Future of Health Care

Question: Analyze how the trends you selected might impact the future of the industry. How might you use the knowledge you have gained in this course to implement these trends in your current health care organization. Answer: The new reforms in healthcare settings are leading modifications in human resource and organization management trends within the healthcare organizations. Out of various new trends the two selected trends showing great modification in the human resources and organizational behavior of healthcare zone are: - Succession Planning Workforce engagement for quality assurance Succession planning Succession planning involves the process to identify and modify the capable internal employees as future leaders for organization to minimize the regular turnover. Succession planning will help to overcome the competition and empower your organization workforce (Fibuch Van Way III, 2012). Kim (2012) stated that growing opportunities and career options of the 21st century have provided C-level turnover in the healthcare business. This makes it an emergency to promote succession planning for minimizing this turnover in future of this industry. For implementing succession planning in any healthcare organization the following recommendation would surely work that includes: - Regular potential assessment of employees Leadership improvement programs made as per organization requirements Coaching and real-time mentoring by HR department Fibuch Van Way III (2012) indicated that 64% of healthcare organizations in U.S still do not persist any succession program at their place. Therefore, it is required to set succession planning as one of the most important trends in healthcare scenario. Workforce engagement for quality assurance According to Pfeffer (2010), the service delivery system in healthcare depends on the quality of services provided by the workforce of the organization. The workforce engagement and patient satisfaction work side-by-side in healthcare scenario, therefore, workforce engagement is another trend to ensure quality service delivery system in the future of healthcare. Markos Sridevi (2010) studied a survey performed on one hospital based in Canada where the workforce engagement was found to be a challenging process. The survey findings indicated that 45% of employees remain disengaged and 6% actively disengaged in the organization. Workforce engagement can be established by adopting following recommendations in healthcare working process Establish collaborative culture in organization where employees are considered as partners Promote competitive working environment that involves motivation rather than stifles Provide leadership exposures to employees Overcome the social and culture norms inhibiting the workforce engagement References Fibuch, E., Van Way III, C. W. (2012). Succession planning in health care organizations.Physician executive,38(5), 44-47. Kim, T. H. (2012). Succession planning in hospitals and the association with organizational performance.Nursing Economics,30(1), 14. Markos, S., Sridevi, M. S. (2010). Employee engagement: The key to improving performance.International Journal of Business and Management,5(12), 89. Pfeffer, J. (2010). Building sustainable organizations: The human factor.The Academy of Management Perspectives,24(1), 34-45.